Xiamen (
厦门) (Amoy, Eng.; Archaic) is a coastal
sub-provincial city in southeastern
Fujian province,
People's Republic of China. It looks out to the
Taiwan Strait and borders
Quanzhou to the north and
Zhangzhou to the south.
Xiamen and the surrounding countryside are famous for being an ancestral home to
overseas Chinese and one of China's earliest
Special Economic Zones in the 1980s. It covers an area of 1 565 km² with a local population of 5 million. It was recently named China's 2nd most livable city.
[1]History
During the early
Jin Dynasty, the place was made Tong'an District (同安縣) in
282, a sub-entity of Jin'an Prefecture (晉安郡). During the
Song Dynasty (
960-
1279 AD), the city was known as a sustainable international
seaport, and the Chinese scientist and statesman
Shen Kuo (
1031-
1095) spent some of his youth there while his father was a local bureaucrat on the government staff. In
1387, the
Ming Dynasty used the place as base against
pirates, and was part of
Quanzhou.
Koxinga, stationed here in
1650, named it Siming Island (思明洲), or "Remembering the
Ming", but the city was renamed by the
Manchus in
1680 to Xiamen
Subprefecture. The name "Siming" was changed back after the
1912 Xinhai Revolution and the settlement was made a
county. Later it reverted to the name Xiamen City. In
1949, Xiamen became a provincial city (省辖市), then was upgraded to a vice-province-class city (副省级市), or a municipality. It was made a
Special Economic Zone in
1980.
Xiamen was the port of trade first used by
Europeans in
1541. It was China's main port in the
nineteenth century for exporting
tea. As a result, the
Amoy dialect had a major influence on how Chinese terminology was translated into English and other European languages. For example, the words "Amoy", "
tea" (茶; tê), "
cumshaw" (感謝; kám-siā), "
ketchup" (茄汁; kiô-chiap), and "
Pekoe" (白毫; pe̍h-hô),
kowtow (磕頭; khàu-thâu),
gung-ho, and possibly
Japan (Ji̍t-pún) originated from the
Amoy dialect.
Xiamen was one of the five Chinese
treaty ports opened by the
Treaty of Nanjing (signed in
1842) at the end of the
First Opium War between
Britain and China. As a result, it was an early entry point for
Protestant missions in China .
Tourism
Xiamen was recently voted China's cleanest city, and has many attractions for the tourist. Xiamen and its surrounding countryside provides spectacular scenery and pleasant tree-lined beaches.
Gulangyu, also known as Piano Island, is a popular, peaceful weekend getaway with amazing views of the city. Xiamen's Botanical Garden is a nature lover's paradise. The Buddhist
Nanputuo Temple, dating back to the Tang Dynasty, is a national treasure. Xiamen is also famous for its history as a frontline during the war with
Kinmen (Quemoy) 50 years ago. One attraction for tourist is to view Jingmen island, a few kilometers away and under Taiwanese control, from Xiamen island.